Sunday, October 31, 2010
Monday, October 25, 2010
‘ A study on a traveller’s motivation’
TRAVEL MOTIVATION : A STUDY
What is motivation ?
Motivation is the reason or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior, especially human behavior as studied in philosophy, conflict, economics, psychology, and neurophysiology. These reasons may include basic needs such as food or a desired object, hobbies, goal, state of being, or ideal. The motivation for a behavior may also be attributed to less-apparent reasons such as altruism or morality. Motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of human behavior.
Types of motivation ?
> Intrinsic motivation is when people engage in an activity, such as a hobby, without obvious external incentives.
The most obvious form of motivation is coercion, where the avoidance of pain or other negative consequences has an immediate effect. Extreme use of coercion is considered slavery. While coercion is considered morally reprehensible in many philosophies, it is widely practiced on prisoners, students in mandatory schooling, within the nuclear family unit (on children), and in the form of conscription.
> Extrinsic motivation comes from outside of the performer. E.g. The crowd cheer the performer on, this motivates them to do well, or to beat a PB (Personal Best). Another example is trophies or a reward. It makes the performer want to win and beat the other competitors, thereby motivating the performer.
> Self Control Motivation :
The self-control of motivation is increasingly understood as a subset of emotional intelligence; a person may be highly intelligent according to a more conservative definition (as measured by many intelligence tests), yet unmotivated to dedicate this intelligence to certain tasks.
Drives and desires can be described as a deficiency or need that activates behaviour that is aimed at a goal or an incentive. These are thought to originate within the individual and may not require external stimuli to encourage the behaviour. Basic drives could be sparked by deficiencies such as hunger, which motivates a person to seek food; whereas more subtle drives might be the desire for praise and approval, which motivates a person to behave in a manner pleasing to others.
Need and Scope for TRAVEL :
Travel is the change in location of people on a trip through the means of transport from one location to another. Travel may be performed for recreation (as part of tourism or to visit friends and family), as part of business or for commuting. Travel may occur by walking or other human-powered mode, or through mechanical vehicles, either as private or public transport
Two types of travel :
Backpacking is a term that has historically been used to denote a form of low-cost, independent international travel. Terms such as independent travel and/or budget travel are often used interchangeably with backpacking. The factors that traditionally differentiate backpacking from other forms of tourism include but are not limited to the following: use of public transport as a means of travel, preference of youth hostels to traditional hotels, length of the trip vs. conventional vacations, use of a backpack, an interest in meeting the locals as well as seeing the sights.
Business Travel is a travel/journey caused by business necessities. The place of employment is left transitionally, e.g.
· to visit customers, suppliers or a trade fair
· to participate on congresses or seminars
· because of further education
· excursions for research, scientific campaigns
· teachers activity in study trips, school or exploratory trips
· away on business in civil engineering, construction, geology etc.
Business trips have to be approved by the employer, who usually meets the costs. The traveling expenses can be calculated in detail or by a lump sum, depending on the average expense of the travel country.
The Walkman is dead, Long live the Walkman
Sony is sending its cassette tape Walkman into retirement in Japan as demand for a music player that was ground-breaking in its day dwindles to a tiny niche in the era of digital technology.
Sony stopped Japanese production of the portable music player in April and sales will end once the last batch disappears from stores, company spokeswoman Hiroko Nakamura said on Monday.
Sony has sold 220 million cassette Walkman players globally since the product’s July 1979 debut that changed lifestyles by popularising music on the go.
More than 30 years later, the cassette Walkman has been rendered an anachronism by MP3 players and iPods.
Demand for cassette players in Japan is now largely limited to elderly users.
But Sony will continue production of the cassette Walkman in China to accommodate users abroad, including in the U.S., Europe and some Asian countries, Mr. Nakamura said.
Keywords: Sony Walkman, audio cassette, music on the go
Sony stopped Japanese production of the portable music player in April and sales will end once the last batch disappears from stores, company spokeswoman Hiroko Nakamura said on Monday.
Sony has sold 220 million cassette Walkman players globally since the product’s July 1979 debut that changed lifestyles by popularising music on the go.
More than 30 years later, the cassette Walkman has been rendered an anachronism by MP3 players and iPods.
Demand for cassette players in Japan is now largely limited to elderly users.
But Sony will continue production of the cassette Walkman in China to accommodate users abroad, including in the U.S., Europe and some Asian countries, Mr. Nakamura said.
Creativity And Genius
All of us carry the seeds of genius which are capable of producing great thoughts or actions. We possess inner powers enabling us to see vision and at the same time we have ability to give them creative expression. Genius is infinite capacity for taking points!
It means that the positive thoughts pattern of our inner genius can be put to the test in the production of new ideas. The habit of seeing every day things from new angle is a fundamental trait of all geniuses.
It is by such methods that new discoveries have been made. A genius probes beneath the surface of things and forms new combinations of facts and idea which refuses to be defeated until positive have been obtained.
Such an attitude of mind is bound to the unusual for the simple reason that few of us are willing to change our old routines. Original ways of looking at things appear to be far too strange and unsettling. There may be risk involved in which might be ridicule, contempt or even cold indifference from colleagues and contemporaries.
We tend to equate a high intelligence quotient with genius. Genius seems to be a quality of mind apart from intelligence. This is partly the reason why many geniuses have found schools and universities dull places. They were pursuing their own lines of thought. Reynolds preferred to cover his school books with sketches and drawings. John Stuart Mill and Sir Francis gallon were scholars from a very early age. John Stuart Mill read Greek classic at six, while Sir Francis Gallon knew his capital letters by twelve months!
A genius will usually spend a great deal of time and study in using his or her talents for producing great works, in any field of human endeavor. Newton spent 19 years before he could under stand the significance of falling apple.
Many of us may have hidden talents which could burst any age. We can aid this process by critically examining ourselves and ring to see objects and ideas from completely different angles.
An important aspect of genius is critical judgment. By such actions subconscious forces begin to work until a flash of inspiration floods the mind with new solutions to old problems. The process could almost be compared with an electric spark jumping between two terminals of a power unit and lighting up unexplored territory.
The finest geniuses have had their great thoughts and ideas after they had first begun to think about certain matters. The genius develops great mind power which brings the subconscious forces into action. He looks inside him self and finds creative energy on a vast dimension.
Geniuses are often assumed to posses good memories, but once again we find that such a distinguishing feature is not always characteristics of the best mind.
In achieving their goals their goals they are largely self-taught. it is the self-taught methods in conjunction with independent thoughts and views which produce originality. Genius is known for serious quest for truth in art, science, literature and life. From this view point we call well under stand that they will dream and make new discoveries.
Perhaps, you too are a genius! You carry the seeds of genius which are capable of producing great thoughts or actions. You possess powers to see vision, and at the same time have the ability to give them expressions.
Genius means capacity for taking plans! It is superior power of visualizing and realizing.
Genius seeks to develop ideas with a persistence which refuses to be defeated until positive results are obtained. Such an attitude of mind is bound to be unusual for the simple reason that few of us are willing to change our stale routines. Also, original ways of looking at things appear to be strange and unsettling.
There is ridicule, contempt or even indifference from colleagues and contemporaries. When a genius appears, the dunces are all against him!
What we call inspiration of the genius of the genius is not a spell of divine blessing. It is a climax and crescendo of diligent work put in by the artist, musician or writer.
It is the mind behind the brain which is important. The genius develops great mind power which brings the subconscious forces in to action. He looks inside himself and find creative energy on a vast dimension. Hence, any one who observes carefully and resolves steadfastly grows in to a genius of his own kind!
Genies are assumed to possess good memories, but once again we find that such a feature is not always characteristics of the best minds. Einstein used hundred dollar notes as book marks, and often forgot them!
The first and last thing required of genius is the love of truth and the unknown. This needs creativity of highest order.
Can any thing be done to stimulate creative thinking, so that we may reap the benefits of more original ideas? This is problem which confronts us in every field of human endeavor.
What changes need to be made in the working and living habits of adults? By removing unfavorable and providing additional opportunities, we can do much to encourage and foster creative thought.
We all, at one time or another, have wondered how a certain work of art, or invention, or a scientific discovery was made. We marvel at excellence of the product and wonder how it was conceived. We wonder how the writer, artist, musician, inventor, or scientist thought to produce the great work of literature, music, art or the new invention.
Creative thinking behind every work of art or science and behind every invention; which has advances the progress of civilization. With out creative thinking we would have none of the luxuries and comfort of the modern life.
Helmholtz, on the occasion of the seventieth birthday, was asked by friends to describe how he made his great discoveries. He said that after previous investigation of the problem “in all direction… happy ideas came unexpectedly with out effort like inspiration”.
The first requirement for finding some things new is to be fertile in the hypotheses. We seldom find ideas exactly what we want.
Sudden inspiration never happens except after some days of voluntary effort which has appeared absolutely fruitless and whence nothing good seems to have come; where the way taken seems totally astray.
Often, when two men is working at a difficult question, he accomplishes nothing the first time he sets to work. Then he takes the rest and sits down again at his table.
He ‘loads up’ with all available information and makes determined efforts to reach a prompt solution. Some thing he is successful in the first heat. But often days or weeks elapse before the saving ideas come.
All inspirations occur strictly within the limit of individual capacity, training and previous experiences.
Gesell says, “Genius may have effortless moments. These moments are usually preceded by prolonged periods of preparations. The so-called unconscious cerebration can take place only as a result of purpose and endeavor.”
The one sidedness, the poverty of thought is the chief characteristic of poor thinking. Vacuum can produce vacuum only.
Prevarications for creative work is seen must. Many writers have notebooks in which they jot down the observations, chance thoughts and bits of fact or style culled from their reading and day-to-day experiences.
In Coleridge’s notebook, for example, may be found he germ of The Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan. Coleridge, an avid reader, assimilated the traditions and folk stories of the forest, the supper situations of the middle ages, the habits of the albatross, lore about sailors and boats, and the plots of ancients Greek legends.
From this mass material sprang his great imaginative poems. He was not gathering material for a planned poem when he read. Instead, the material was acquired randomly and for its own sake. Only after the preparation was complete did Coleridge conceive the poems. His ability to recombine is a mark of genius.
The mind of the artist is sensitive mechanism, like a photographic plate which receives, enters, stores and records the impression made upon it by the phenomena of the external world.
In this letter , active connection that the imagination of the artist plays a part. The mind must be well provided with facts.
New discoveries and inventions resulting, as they frequently do, from ideas of the widely different subjects, knowledge out side and beyond the chosen profession, is an assets for the achievements of the new and original.
Inspiration signifies unconscious imagination and is the result of an under hand process. The “germ” is the first idea that strikes one after observing and studying. One brings to the solution all the material gathered. There is flowering; when this talent works sufficiently complete, the idea suddenly bursts forth.
Goethe’s line, “they were there when I awoke of a morning. But they came most readily during leisurely walking over wooded hills I sunny weather”.
Collected from
- A.E Houseman writes,
Collected by
- Subin Sebastian
It means that the positive thoughts pattern of our inner genius can be put to the test in the production of new ideas. The habit of seeing every day things from new angle is a fundamental trait of all geniuses.
It is by such methods that new discoveries have been made. A genius probes beneath the surface of things and forms new combinations of facts and idea which refuses to be defeated until positive have been obtained.
Such an attitude of mind is bound to the unusual for the simple reason that few of us are willing to change our old routines. Original ways of looking at things appear to be far too strange and unsettling. There may be risk involved in which might be ridicule, contempt or even cold indifference from colleagues and contemporaries.
We tend to equate a high intelligence quotient with genius. Genius seems to be a quality of mind apart from intelligence. This is partly the reason why many geniuses have found schools and universities dull places. They were pursuing their own lines of thought. Reynolds preferred to cover his school books with sketches and drawings. John Stuart Mill and Sir Francis gallon were scholars from a very early age. John Stuart Mill read Greek classic at six, while Sir Francis Gallon knew his capital letters by twelve months!
A genius will usually spend a great deal of time and study in using his or her talents for producing great works, in any field of human endeavor. Newton spent 19 years before he could under stand the significance of falling apple.
Many of us may have hidden talents which could burst any age. We can aid this process by critically examining ourselves and ring to see objects and ideas from completely different angles.
An important aspect of genius is critical judgment. By such actions subconscious forces begin to work until a flash of inspiration floods the mind with new solutions to old problems. The process could almost be compared with an electric spark jumping between two terminals of a power unit and lighting up unexplored territory.
The finest geniuses have had their great thoughts and ideas after they had first begun to think about certain matters. The genius develops great mind power which brings the subconscious forces into action. He looks inside him self and finds creative energy on a vast dimension.
Geniuses are often assumed to posses good memories, but once again we find that such a distinguishing feature is not always characteristics of the best mind.
In achieving their goals their goals they are largely self-taught. it is the self-taught methods in conjunction with independent thoughts and views which produce originality. Genius is known for serious quest for truth in art, science, literature and life. From this view point we call well under stand that they will dream and make new discoveries.
Perhaps, you too are a genius! You carry the seeds of genius which are capable of producing great thoughts or actions. You possess powers to see vision, and at the same time have the ability to give them expressions.
Genius means capacity for taking plans! It is superior power of visualizing and realizing.
Genius seeks to develop ideas with a persistence which refuses to be defeated until positive results are obtained. Such an attitude of mind is bound to be unusual for the simple reason that few of us are willing to change our stale routines. Also, original ways of looking at things appear to be strange and unsettling.
There is ridicule, contempt or even indifference from colleagues and contemporaries. When a genius appears, the dunces are all against him!
What we call inspiration of the genius of the genius is not a spell of divine blessing. It is a climax and crescendo of diligent work put in by the artist, musician or writer.
It is the mind behind the brain which is important. The genius develops great mind power which brings the subconscious forces in to action. He looks inside himself and find creative energy on a vast dimension. Hence, any one who observes carefully and resolves steadfastly grows in to a genius of his own kind!
Genies are assumed to possess good memories, but once again we find that such a feature is not always characteristics of the best minds. Einstein used hundred dollar notes as book marks, and often forgot them!
The first and last thing required of genius is the love of truth and the unknown. This needs creativity of highest order.
Can any thing be done to stimulate creative thinking, so that we may reap the benefits of more original ideas? This is problem which confronts us in every field of human endeavor.
What changes need to be made in the working and living habits of adults? By removing unfavorable and providing additional opportunities, we can do much to encourage and foster creative thought.
We all, at one time or another, have wondered how a certain work of art, or invention, or a scientific discovery was made. We marvel at excellence of the product and wonder how it was conceived. We wonder how the writer, artist, musician, inventor, or scientist thought to produce the great work of literature, music, art or the new invention.
Creative thinking behind every work of art or science and behind every invention; which has advances the progress of civilization. With out creative thinking we would have none of the luxuries and comfort of the modern life.
Helmholtz, on the occasion of the seventieth birthday, was asked by friends to describe how he made his great discoveries. He said that after previous investigation of the problem “in all direction… happy ideas came unexpectedly with out effort like inspiration”.
The first requirement for finding some things new is to be fertile in the hypotheses. We seldom find ideas exactly what we want.
Sudden inspiration never happens except after some days of voluntary effort which has appeared absolutely fruitless and whence nothing good seems to have come; where the way taken seems totally astray.
Often, when two men is working at a difficult question, he accomplishes nothing the first time he sets to work. Then he takes the rest and sits down again at his table.
He ‘loads up’ with all available information and makes determined efforts to reach a prompt solution. Some thing he is successful in the first heat. But often days or weeks elapse before the saving ideas come.
All inspirations occur strictly within the limit of individual capacity, training and previous experiences.
Gesell says, “Genius may have effortless moments. These moments are usually preceded by prolonged periods of preparations. The so-called unconscious cerebration can take place only as a result of purpose and endeavor.”
The one sidedness, the poverty of thought is the chief characteristic of poor thinking. Vacuum can produce vacuum only.
Prevarications for creative work is seen must. Many writers have notebooks in which they jot down the observations, chance thoughts and bits of fact or style culled from their reading and day-to-day experiences.
In Coleridge’s notebook, for example, may be found he germ of The Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan. Coleridge, an avid reader, assimilated the traditions and folk stories of the forest, the supper situations of the middle ages, the habits of the albatross, lore about sailors and boats, and the plots of ancients Greek legends.
From this mass material sprang his great imaginative poems. He was not gathering material for a planned poem when he read. Instead, the material was acquired randomly and for its own sake. Only after the preparation was complete did Coleridge conceive the poems. His ability to recombine is a mark of genius.
The mind of the artist is sensitive mechanism, like a photographic plate which receives, enters, stores and records the impression made upon it by the phenomena of the external world.
In this letter , active connection that the imagination of the artist plays a part. The mind must be well provided with facts.
New discoveries and inventions resulting, as they frequently do, from ideas of the widely different subjects, knowledge out side and beyond the chosen profession, is an assets for the achievements of the new and original.
Inspiration signifies unconscious imagination and is the result of an under hand process. The “germ” is the first idea that strikes one after observing and studying. One brings to the solution all the material gathered. There is flowering; when this talent works sufficiently complete, the idea suddenly bursts forth.
Goethe’s line, “they were there when I awoke of a morning. But they came most readily during leisurely walking over wooded hills I sunny weather”.
Collected from
- A.E Houseman writes,
Collected by
- Subin Sebastian
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)